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William Herschel – Best Guide in 2023

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William Herschel, in full Sir William Frederick Herschel, original name Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel, (born November 15, 1738, Hannover, Hanover—died August 25, 1822, Slough, Buckinghamshire, England), German-born British astronomer, the founder of sidereal astronomy for the systematic observation of the stars and nebulae beyond the solar system. He discovered the planet Uranus, hypothesized that nebulae are composed of stars, and developed a theory of stellar evolution. He was knighted … Read more

Werner Heisenberg – Best Guide in 2023

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Werner Heisenberg

In 1925, German physicist and philosopher Werner Heisenberg discovered a way to convert quantum mechanics into a matrix. He goes by the name Werner Karl Heisenberg. He passed away in Munich, West Germany, on February 1, 1976. On December 5, 1901, he was born in Würzburg, Germany. In recognition of that discovery, he received the … Read more

William Thomson – Best Guide in 2023

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William Thomson, Baron Kelvin, in full William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs, also called (1866–92) Sir William Thomson, (born June 26, 1824, Belfast, County Antrim, Ireland [now in Northern Ireland]—died December 17, 1907, Netherhall, near Largs, Ayrshire, Scotland), Scottish engineer, mathematician, and physicist who profoundly influenced the scientific thought of his generation. Thomson, who was knighted and raised to the peerage … Read more

Archimedes – Best Guide in 2023

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Archimedes, (born c. 287 BCE, Syracuse, Sicily [Italy]—died 212/211 BCE, Syracuse), the most famous mathematician and inventor in ancient Greece. Archimedes is especially important for his discovery of the relation between the surface and volume of a sphere and its circumscribing cylinder. He is known for his formulation of a hydrostatic principle (known as Archimedes’ principle) and a device for raising water, still used, known as … Read more

John von Neumann – Best Guide in 2023

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John von Neumann, original name János Neumann, (born December 28, 1903, Budapest, Hungary—died February 8, 1957, Washington, D.C., U.S.), Hungarian-born American mathematician. As an adult, he appended von to his surname; the hereditary title had been granted his father in 1913. Von Neumann grew from child prodigy to one of the world’s foremost mathematicians by his mid-twenties. Important work in set theory inaugurated … Read more

Galileo – Best Guide in 2023

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Galileo, in full Galileo Galilei, (born February 15, 1564, Pisa [Italy]—died January 8, 1642, Arcetri, near Florence), Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who made fundamental contributions to the sciences of motion, astronomy, and strength of materials and to the development of the scientific method. His formulation of (circular) inertia, the law of falling bodies, and parabolic trajectories marked the beginning of a fundamental change … Read more

Antoine Lavoisier – Best Guide in 2023

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Antoine Lavoisier, in full Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, (born August 26, 1743, Paris, France—died May 8, 1794, Paris), prominent French chemist and leading figure in the 18th-century chemical revolution who developed an experimentally based theory of the chemical reactivity of oxygen and coauthored the modern system for naming chemical substances. Having also served as a leading financier and public administrator before the French … Read more

Le Corbusier – Best Guide in 2023

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Le Corbusier

Art and Culture Born in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, on October 6, 1887, and dying in Cap Martin, France, on August 27, 1965, Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, better known by his pen name Le Corbusier, was a well-known Swiss architect and urban planner. In his works, he combines a brazen sculptural expressionism with modernist functionalism. His numerous writings … Read more

Louis Pasteur – Best Guide in 2023

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Louis Pasteur, (born December 27, 1822, Dole, France—died September 28, 1895, Saint-Cloud), French chemist and microbiologist who was one of the most important founders of medical microbiology. Pasteur’s contributions to science, technology, and medicine are nearly without precedent. He pioneered the study of molecular asymmetry; discovered that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease; originated the process of pasteurization; saved the beer, wine, and silk industries in France; and developed vaccines against anthrax and rabies. Pasteur’s academic positions were numerous, … Read more

Henry Ford

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Henry Ford

Henry Ford was born on July 30, 1863, in Wayne County, Michigan, U.S. S. —died April 7, 1947, Dearborn, Michigan), an American industrialist who popularized assembly-line manufacturing. Type T Ford made news for the majority of his life, whether it was good or bad. FThe man known for his technological prowess and status as a … Read more